內分泌功能障礙往往性功能，同時，性功能障礙也往往預示着內分泌紊亂。糖尿病性自主神經功能障礙和血管內皮功能障礙會導致勃起障礙，而磷酸二酯酶抑制劑只能起到溫和的治療作用。
糖尿病對女性性功能的影響尤爲複雜：迄今爲止，最爲一致的結論是女性性功能障礙和抑鬱症之間的聯繫。而男性睾丸激素水平低下與性慾降低、夜間勃起少和射精量減少有關，所有這些症狀在補充睾丸激素後都能得到改善。由於年齡增加所致的睾丸激素產量降低與性功能之間並無確切關係，補充睾丸激素後，並沒有顯示對性功能有益。
在女性，沒有發現性功能障礙與血清睾酮濃度有關，但是這可能混淆了睾酮在細胞內所生產的比男性更爲重要的效應與低濃度檢測之間的聯繫。但是，對於更年期之後的女性補充睾酮能夠提高女性性功能，但是在這方面的長期結果的數據還很缺乏。
本文譯自Lancet 如轉載請註明出處
Endocrine disease frequently interrupts sexual function, and sexual dysfunction may signal serious endocrine disease. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy and endothelial dysfunction impair erectile function, and phosphodiesterase inhibition produces only moderate benefit. The effect of diabetes on women's sexual function is complex: the most consistent finding is a correlation between sexual dysfunction and depression. Reductions in testosterone level in men are associated with low sexual desire and reduced nocturnal erections and ejaculate volume, all of which improve with testosterone supplementation. The age-dependent decline in testosterone production in men is not associated with precise sexual symptoms, and supplementation has not been shown to produce sexual benefit. In women, sexual dysfunction has not been associated with serum testosterone, but this may be confounded by limitations of assays at low concentrations and by the greater importance of intracellular production of testosterone in women than in men. Testosterone supplementation after menopause does improve some aspects of sexual function in women, but long-term outcome data are needed.
